Medieval Europe And The Renaissance :: essays research papers

When I look at the conflicts that medieval European people faced and the conflicts that modern people face, I see a huge difference. Our government, economics, science, mobility, art, literacy and health are very different. Some aspects of religion are different, but not many. The Black Death and feudalism are some major contributions to the medieval times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Death is known as a beneficial divider between the central and Middle Ages. The changes are numerous. They include the introduction of gunpowder, importance of cities, economic and demographic crises, and powerful new currents in culture and religion. Overall, the late middle ages were characterized as a period of chaos. The Black Death did not cause the chaos, but the plague definitely contributed towards it, as well as making more problems. The Black Death erupted in the Gobi desert in the late 1320’s. There is no real explanation why. The plague bacillus was alive and active long before that. Europe had suffered from an epidemic in the 6th century. But the disease became relatively dormant in the following centuries. It is said that it was due to the climate beginning to cool in the 14th century. Whatever it was, the outbreak began and spread fast. It mostly went west, but it spread everywhere. The Asian nations suffered greatly as anywhere. In China, the population dropped from 125 million to 90 million. The plague was so widespread; it was said that there was not enough living to bury the dead. Rodents ran the unsanitary streets that carried the fleas that had the disease. This is how the Bubonic Plague was spread. The people believed at the time that the gods were punishing them for things they had done wrong in the past. The Bubonic Plague is transmitted either though an infected rodent (rats, rabbits, etc.) carrying bugs (fleas). It was first thought that the rats themselves transmitted the Bubonic Plague because when people found dead rats in the towns' streets, they would usually flee their civilization in fear of the rodents. But it was observed that people would only get the disease if they came in contact with a rodent or rat that was dead for a short amount of time. The Bubonic Plague is not very common these days, but that is because we live in the United States where our sanitary level is fairly high. But in Africa, Asia, and South America, several people die from it every year.

Christopher Columbus: Journey and Colonization

The letter reveals a sense of urgency and uncertainty in Columbus derived from the intimation between world powers over the Island of Espanola and the unknown direction the New World would take. Columbus' purpose in writing the formal letter is to explain to the â€Å"Most High and Mighty Sovereigns† what he considers pivotal in the settlement, extraction of gold, farming of land, and trade system of the Island of Espanola. Columbus' main concern, Spanish dominance in the New World, is clearly evident in the final paragraph, in which Columbus prays for â€Å"the increase of much greater states. The nature of Spanish presence In the Islands Is consequent to an RA of Immense competition between states over various colonies In Asia, Africa, and what would be known as America. For states Involved In colonization, such as England, Portugal, Spain, and the Netherlands, colonies meant prosperity and power through vast riches, mostly gold: an increase in foreign commerce: and new ter ritory to utilize for farming and growth of Christianity.In these purposes there is a clear similarity between the values from the Renaissance and present-day values, in which governmental authority places large importance in the expansion and affluence of its rewriter. In the introduction to his points about colonization, Columbus displays a sense of respect and obedience towards Ferdinand and Isabella and requests support through reinforcement of colonists. Columbus misrepresents the new world as a group of islands, unaware of the much larger continents in which he had not yet arrived.In the Initial voyage, Columbus lands In the Caribbean thinking he has arrived In Asia, which Is why he names the Indians so. Despite his Incongruous concepts, Columbus' voyage proved vital to further colonization of the Americas. The mall body of the letter Is a set of thirteen points In which Columbus details the mall issues of colonizing the Island of Espanola and other islands, namely God, gold, and glory.The expansion of Christianity was highly important to Ferdinand and Isabella, who considered Christianity crucial to the national unity of the newly united Spanish kingdom in the Reconstruct period. Columbus states that the new world will be forcefully Christian and that the â€Å"conversion of Indians† shall be performed by â€Å"parish priests or friars†. Most of Columbus points refer to the extraction, processing, ownership, and trade of gold, the natural resource which most colonizers obsessed over.Columbus presents concerns such as â€Å"no one shall have liberty to collect gold In it except those who have taken out colonists' papers,† â€Å"that all gold shall be smelted Immediately,† and â€Å"there shall be a treasurer, with a clerk to assist him, who shall receive all gold belonging to your Highnesses. † The motive and obsession over gold Is consequential of its use as back-up value in currencies, fancy garments, competitive Expl orers were motivated to find gold by the â€Å"matter of the fifth,† which means that the explorers would be entitled to a certain amount of the riches derived from the land they discovered.To further expand on the importance of a successful trading system, Columbus explains another three points that refer to the stringent process of securing the gold. As most of the glory from colonization came from gold, the method of collection gold and shipping it to the motherland is very strict in order to prevent fraud. Parts of the process which Columbus proposes include â€Å"that it [gold] should all e placed in one chest with two locks, with their keys, and that the master of the vessel keep one key and some other person selected by the governor and treasurer keep the other. There is evidently a clear concern over the safety of the gold, which displays the main purpose of increasing affluence of the motherland. The colonization of the new world influenced an arms race between powe rful European states over the acquisition of gold and territory. Several states were exerting force over native people and exploiting the natural resources in a similar way the Spanish id in the Island of Espanola. Competition between powerful states is a centuries- long trend.Whether searching for gold or plotting the destruction of communism versus the destruction of capitalism in the mid-20th century, dominant states have a tendency to seek the greatest riches from their settlements and disregard the well- being of native peoples. In his letter, Columbus is successfully reactive to the desires of Ferdinand and Isabella and he satisfies their concerns that result from competition in order to pursue further exploration.

Biography of Marquis de Sade Novels, Crimes, Sadism

The Marquis de Sade (born Donatien Alphonse Franà §ois de Sade; June 2, 1740—December 2, 1814) was infamous for his sexually charged writings, his revolutionary politics, and his life as one of France’s most notorious libertines. His writing often focused on violent sexual practices, and his name gives us the word sadism, which refers to pleasure derived from inflicting pain. Fast Facts: Marquis de Sade Full Name:  Donatien Alphonse Franà §ois de SadeKnown For:  Sexually graphic and violent writings, charges of blasphemy and obscenity, and a reputation as one of Frances most notorious libertines.Born:  June 2, 1740 in Paris, FranceDied:  December 2, 1814 in Charenton-Saint-Maurice, Val-de-Marne, FranceParents’ Names:  Jean Baptiste Franà §ois Joseph, the Count de Sade, and  Marie Elà ©onore de Maillà © de Carman Early Years Donatien, born in Paris in June 1740, was the only surviving child of Jean Baptiste Franà §ois Joseph, the Count de Sade and his wife, Marie Elà ©onore. Jean Baptiste, an aristocrat who served as a diplomat in the King Louis XV’s court, abandoned his wife while their son was very young, and Donatien was sent off to be educated by his uncle after Marie Elà ©onore joined a convent. The uncle apparently allowed young Donatien to be raised by servants who catered to his every whim, and the child developed a mean streak. He was described as spoiled and willful, and at the age of six beat another boy so severely that there was some question as to whether the victim would ever fully recover. By the time Donatien was ten, the uncle, an abbot in the south of France, had had enough. He sent his nephew back to Paris for schooling at a Jesuit institution. Once enrolled at the Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand, Donatien misbehaved frequently, and received frequent punishments. In particular, the school used flagellation as a deterrent for poor behavior. Later, Donatien would become preoccupied with this practice. By the age of fourteen, he was sent to a military school, and as a young man, he fought in the Seven Years War. Despite his absence from his son’s life, the Count de Sade was anxious to find Donatien a wealthy wife to help solve the family’s financial problems. At 23, Donatien married Renà ©e-Pà ©lagie de Montreuil, the daughter of a well-to-do merchant, and built a castle, the Chà ¢teau de Lacoste, in Provence. A few years later, the Count passed away, leaving Donatien the title of Marquis.   Corbis via Getty Images / Getty Images Scandal and Exile Even though he was married, the Marquis de Sade developed a reputation as the worst sort of libertine. At one point, he had a very public affair with his wife’s sister, Anne-Prospà ¨re. He frequently sought out the services of prostitutes of both sexes, and had a tendency to hire and subsequently abuse very young servants, both male and female. When he forced one prostitute to include a crucifix in their sexual activity, she went to the police, and he was arrested and charged with blasphemy. However, he was released shortly thereafter. Over the next few years, other prostitutes filed complaints about him, and the court eventually exiled him to his castle in Provence. In 1768, he was arrested again, this time for imprisoning a chambermaid, whipping her, cutting her with a knife, and dripping hot candle wax into her wounds. She managed to escape and reported the attack. Although his family managed to buy the woman’s silence, there was enough of a social scandal that de Sade opted to stay out of the public eye after the incident.   A few years later, in 1772, de Sade and his manservant, Latour, were accused of drugging and sodomizing prostitutes, and the two of them, along with Anne-Prospà ¨re, fled to Italy. De Sade and Latour were sentenced to death, in absentia, and managed to stay a few steps ahead of the authorities. De Sade later rejoined his wife at Chà ¢teau de Lacoste. At the chà ¢teau, de Sade and his wife imprisoned five women and one man for six weeks, a crime for which he was eventually arrested and imprisoned. Although he was able to get the death sentence lifted in 1778, he remained incarcerated, and over the next few years, he was transferred to various prisons, including the Bastille, and an insane asylum. The remains of Chateau LaCoste. J Boyer / Getty Images Writings During his various imprisonments, de Sade began to write. His first work, Les 120 Journà ©es de Sodome, or 120 Days of Sodom: The School of Libertinage, was written during his incarceration at the Bastille. The novel related the story of four young noblemen who move to a castle where they can abuse, torture, and eventually kill the harem of prostitutes they hold captive. De Sade believed the manuscript to be lost during the storming of the Bastille, but the scroll on which it was written was later discovered hidden in the walls of his cell. It was not published until 1906, and was banned in numerous countries for its graphic sexual violence and portrayals of incest and pedophilia. In 1790, free once more, de Sade—whose wife had finally divorced him—began a relationship with a young actress, Marie-Constance Quesnet. They lived together in Paris, and de Sade became politically active, supporting the new regime that was in place following the French Revolution of the previous year.  He was even elected to public office, joining the National Convention as part of the radical far left. He wrote several inflammatory political pamphlets; however, his position as an aristocrat made him vulnerable with the new government, and in 1791, he was imprisoned for three years after he was critical of Maximilien Robespierre. Once again, de Sade began writing sexually violent fiction, and his novels Justine and Juliette, which he published anonymously, created an uproar. Justine, written in 1791, is the story of a prostitute who is subjected to repeated rapes, orgies, and torture on her quest to find a virtuous life. Juliette, the follow-up novel published in 1796, is the tale of Justine’s sister, a nymphomaniac and murderer, who is perfectly happy to live a life devoid of virtue. Both novels are critical of theology and the Catholic Church, and in 1801, Napoleon Bonaparte ordered the arrest of the anonymous author. Portrait of de Sade by Pierre-Eugà ¨ne Vibert. Heritage Images/Getty Images / Getty Images Institutionalization and Death De Sade was sent to prison again in 1801. Within a few months, he was accused of seducing young prisoners, and in 1803, he was declared to be insane. He was sent to Charenton Asylum, after Renà ©e-Pà ©lagie and their three children agreed to pay for his maintenance. Meanwhile, Marie-Constance pretended to be his wife, and was permitted to move into the asylum with him.   The asylum’s director allowed de Sade to organize theatrical plays, with other inmates as actors, and this went on until 1809, when new court orders sent de Sade into solitary confinement. His pens and paper were taken from him and he was no longer allowed to have visitors. However, despite these rules, de Sade managed to maintain a sexual relationship with the fourteen-year-old daughter of one of Charenton’s staff members; this lasted for the final four years of his life. On December 2, 1814, the Marquis de Sade died in his cell at Charenton; he was buried at the asylums cemetery. Legacy Following his death, de Sades son burned all of his fathers unpublished manuscripts, but there are still dozens of writings —novels, essays, and plays — available to modern scholars. In addition to giving us the word sadism, de Sade also left behind a legacy of existential thought; many philosophers credit him with using violence and sexuality to create imagery that demonstrates mans capacity for both good and evil. It is believed that his work had significant influence on the writings of nineteenth-century philosophers like like Flaubert, Voltaire, and Nietzsche. Sources Feay, Suzi. â€Å"Who Was the Marquis De Sade Really?†Ã‚  The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 16 July 2015.Gonzalez-Crussi, F. â€Å"The Dangerous Marquis de Sade.†Ã‚  The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 Mar. 1988.Lichfield, John. â€Å"Marquis De Sade: Rebel, Pervert, Rapist...Hero?†Ã‚  The Independent, Independent Digital News and Media, 14 Nov. 2014.Perrottet, Tony. â€Å"Who Was the Marquis De Sade?†Ã‚  Smithsonian.com, Smithsonian Institution, 1 Feb. 2015.

The Depositional Environment, Petrology, Mineralogy,...

The purpose of this paper is to explain the depositional environment, petrology, mineralogy, structure, exploration, technology, methods of extraction and processing, as well as the applications and economics of oil in the Greater Green River Basin. This paper will mainly focus on the oil shale within the basin but will also touch on some of the more conventional oil and gas plays as well. According to Crawford and Killen (2010), Oil Shale is defined as being â€Å"a sedimentary rock embedded with organic material called kerogen†¦ and has not been under the necessary heat, pressure, and/or depth for the right length of time to form crude oil†. Oil shale is typically found in silica and carbonate based rocks that are usually no greater than 900†¦show more content†¦With the United States current demand for oil at roughly 20 million barrels per day, this resource could potential last for another 400 years. These types of numbers suggest that if low-cost production methods can be developed and used effectively to recover the oil, the economic benefits would be great. In the following paper I intend to give clear and succinct information on how oil shale was deposited in the Greater Green River Basin, what it is made of, what was the maturation history of the shale, how the oil is recovered from very impermeable sedimentary units, how economics will play a role in its future as a reliable energy source, as well as the environmental impact of oil production in the basin. Structure of the Greater Green River Basin The Greater Green River Basin is a basin located in Wyoming, Colorado, and Utah. The mountains that surround the basin are the Wind River Mountains and Granite Mountains (Sweetwater Arch) to the north, the Uinta Mountains to the south, the Wyoming thrust belt to the west, and the Sierra Madre Mountains and the Rawlins Uplift to the East. The Great Green River Basin is further subdivided into sub-basins as mentioned earlier by intrabasinal anticlines. The largest anticline occupies the central portion of the basin and nearly separates the basin into equal east and west segments. There are also several other anticlinal

Physician Assisted Suicide As An Individual Choice

In households across the United States, thousands of people are suffering from incurable and deadly illnesses. With death lurking around the corner, should these people have to tolerate pain and misery knowing what is awaiting them? The debate on these questions are very controversial. Furthermore, there is a greater question to be answered—should these people have the right and option to end the ongoing pain and agony through physician assisted suicide? Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS) is highly discussed topic because it brings about several moral and ethical questions such as who is the true leader of our lives. Is suicide an individual choice and should the highest priority to humans be alleviating pain or do we suffer for a purpose?†¦show more content†¦Involuntary euthanasia occurs when a medical provider or some other person administers a lethal dose of a drug to a patient without the patient’s specific request. Euthanasia is done at the hand of the d octor not the patient. Modern medical expertise has achieved remarkable achievements in lengthening the lives of humans. Ventilators can support a patient’s weakening lungs and pills can sustain that patient’s bodily processes. For those patients who have a genuine chance of surviving a sickness or accident, medical technology is science’s greatest gift to mankind. For the terminally ill, however, it is just a means of prolonging suffering. Medicine is supposed to alleviate the suffering that a patient undergoes. Yet the only thing that medical technology does for a dying patient is give that patient more pain and agony day after day and cause them to spend more money that could go to help their family after the patient passes away. Some terminal patients in the past have gone to their doctors and asked for a final medication that would take all the pain away— lethal drugs. For example, imagine a woman who was suffering from a severe case of rheumatoid arthritis, begged her doctor to assist her to die because she could no longer stand the pain. Another example is a lady with an inoperable brainShow MoreRelatedDeath, Duty, And Dignity1327 Words   |  6 Pagespapers around 1994 when Oregon was having a debate on whether or not to pass a Death with Dignity Act. At the time, Theresa spoke against physician-assisted suicide because she felt that this form of help is allowing people to do what they want when it is time to die. This is not anything that Catholics view. Eventually her father, Ted, utilized physician-assisted suicide. He contacted her saying that he had grade IV glioblastoma multiforme, a deadly form of brain cancer. Ted had brain surgery to removeRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Allowed?895 Words   |  4 PagesShould physicians be allowed to help patients determine the timing and circumstances of their death? The â€Å"right to die† debate is a very sensitive and complex issue in modern culture. While suicide is a le gal act in the United States, assisted suicide is not. Opinions on the subject are shaped by countless factors such as ethical issues, social issues, and primarily religious issues. Many people are opposed to the legalization of physician assisted suicide for â€Å"moral† reasons, however, legalizationRead MoreAdvocates Against Assisted Suicide Advocates Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesAdvocates against assisted suicide argue that the untaken medication will be dispersed to a larger group of people than just the terminally ill it was intended for. A little over 40% of the population of individuals that received life-ending medication did not even take the medication (Keown 172). Keown details a summary of the prescriptions ingested in 2015 as of this current January. All of the medications that a prescription was written for were carefully tracked and observed. The Death with DignityRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide As A Suicide1587 Words   |  7 PagesThe Merriam Webster dictionary defines â€Å"physician assisted suicide as a suicide by a patient facilitated by means or information (as a drug prescription or indication of the lethal dosage) provided by a physician who is aware of how the patient intends to use such means or information.† The physician provides necessary information about drugs and patient performs the act of suicide. Letting someone die requires justification and involves personal as well as social concerns. The federal governmentRead MoreShould Physician Assisted Suicide Be Legalized?1426 Words   |  6 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is also known as assisted suicide. It is a very controversial procedure. It is not favored by many. However, in present day society is little bit inclined towards assisted suicide. There is ongoing debate on the legalization of assisted suicide. The main reason to oppose of assisted suicide is the fear of mistreatment of the patient, abuse of power and so on. In contrary, many see assisted suicide as a way to decrease pain in the end of life. Read MoreEuthanasia And Physician Assisted Suicide865 Words   |  4 Pagessubject for people; add in the idea of assisted suicides and there’s an uproar in society. Euthanasia or physician assisted suicide is a very controversial topic in our society today. Physician assisted suicide by definition is â€Å"suicide by a patient facilitated by means (as a drug prescription) or information (as an indication of a lethal dosage) provided by a physician aware of the patient’s intent (Merriam-Webster). There are two modes of looking at assisted suicides; either it’s seen as an absurd immoralRead MoreThe Medical And Legal Fields About Assisted Suicide1667 Words   |  7 Pagesmultitude of interpretations within both the medical and legal fields about assisted suicide. The benefits of assisted suicide for a terminally ill individual are notably momentous. However, the argument is not extricated from opposition concerned with the obligations of the medical community. It is paramount to have an even-handed perception of the issue and present each side but recognize that the rights of the individual in arbitrating the specific route of his or her death, specifically in lethalRead MoreNew Client. Professor__. English___. 2/28/17. The Implications1182 Words   |  5 Pagesautonomy i.e. one’s right to make independent choices without any external influences, a competent adult can refuse medical treatment, even in situations where this could result in his/her death. However, when it comes to actively ending a life via euthanasia it becomes an extensively debate regarding the rights of an individual to make that choice. The article â€Å"A Doctor-Assisted Disaster for Medicine† loosely examines the negative implications of assisted suicide laws on patients. Toffler’s article shedsRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide : The Voluntary Termination Of One s Own Life1378 Words   |  6 PagesComposition 2 13 April 2015 The Right to Die Physician assisted suicide has been practiced over the past couple centuries and is beginning to spark the interest in many people who suffer from terminal diseases. Physician assisted suicide is the voluntary termination of one s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician (Physician-assisted Suicide). Starting in the early 1800 s, physicians did all they could to save the lives of theirRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide Is Not Considered Admissible949 Words   |  4 PagesPhysician assisted suicide- the voluntary termination of one’s own life by administration of a lethal substance with the direct or indirect assistance of a physician, and euthanasia, the painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable, painful disease are both highly emotional and contentious subjects. Some argue physician assisted suicide (P.A.S.) is admissible for someone who is dying and trying to painlessly break free from the intolerable suffering at the end of their life, and some

NIVEA Marketing Mix Concept Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.co

Question: Discuss about the NIVEA Marketing Mix Concept. Answer: Introduction Convincing business operation requires that a firm strives for uniformity in itsmarketing mix wherever and whenever possible, while noting that the differences in the cultures may demand some of the accommodation, if the products or service is to remain competitive. NIVEA is the brand with established name in the beauty and a high quality care product. Beiersdorf was founded in 1882, specializing in the skin and beauty care products. Nivea brand is one of the brands that Beiersdorf produces and sell. The ongoing goal of the Beiersdorf Company in the United Kingdom is to make the product so close to the users irrespective of the place of the residence. The main aim of the Beiersdorf is to understand different market segment and pleasure the clients with an innovative product for their skin and beauty care. Customer driven is what makes the company to pride for, and enable to grow as one of the largest company producing the skin care brands in the worldwide. In the process of the Beiersdorf continuance in the market research program shown a gap in the market segment. It led to the launching of the NIVEA VISAGE Young offering a range of comprehensive selection of the products in 2005 for the young women. NIVEA VISAGE brings the NIVEA brand image to the target market of the girls in the age bracket of 13 to 19years(Jolibert, Mhlbacher, Flors, Dubois, 2012). Brand new NIVEA product enables young girls to keep their skin looking beautiful and healthier. Due to the market gap, NIVEA was able to launch the NIVEA VISAGE, using the price, promotion, product and place as their sufficient balance. Product orientation involves creating the product and introducing to the market. Market orientation approach is the process of finding the gap in the market and developing product so as to satisfy the consumers need. Therefore, the company need to balance 4psmarketing mix to achieve the best results. In the case of the Beiersdorf, developing of the mark eting mix to suit the market target and the product, and meeting of the company objectives was crucial in the growth strategy. Marketing mix concept Product Products are either intangible services or tangible commodity that meets the customers demand and need. All the products follow the product life cycle(Baker, 2014). Therefore, it is necessary for the marketers to understand and adequately plans for the various stages and their respective unique challenges. Studying of the unique selling proposition of the products, benefits it offers, and understanding of its features is also crucial(Kotler, 2012). Moreover, it is imperative to understand the problems that the product tries to solve. Identifying and Understanding the buyers of the goods and services is very vital. Product life cycle (Kotler, 2012) Price The actual amount the customers pays for the products is what constitutes the price. There is a difference in the linkage of the customer perceived value of the product and the objection costing of the services or products on offer. Pricing of the products will directly determine how it sells. The product will be priced higher than its objective monetary value if there is positive customer value(Wright Watkins, 2010). Conversely, the product will be underpriced, if the customers value is negative. Price affects the value chain cost, distribution plans and the competitors pricing of their product. Promotion There is a difference between marketing and advertising. Marketing communication techniques and strategies include special offers, public relations, sales promotion and advertising (Wright Watkins, 2010). The selection of the channel of communication should be relevant to the product, price and target customers. Promotion is the communication characteristic of the whole market purpose. Place The place strategy determines channel of use in delivering the product to the user. Hence, distribution is the key element in the placement of the product. The predictable marketing mix concentrates on the physical asset (Wright Watkins, 2010). Perceiving the services as a product is vital for the customer offering. Supplementing 8ps marketing mix to cater for the challenges of the services is also necessary. Physical evidences Physical evidence is the reassurance and proof that there was a performance of the service. Physical evidence can mean the customer's perception of the product in the market. In service industries, deliverance of the services should have a particular place. For instance, if one thinks of the sport, the Adidas and Nike come into their mind(Kotler, Keller, Manceau, Hmonnet-Goujot, 2015). Additionally, when one thinks of fast food, one thinks of the McDonalds. Thus, there is consumers manipulation of the perception. Process The methods of the execution and deliverance of the services to the customers constitute the process. The process and the systems of the organization affect the service execution. People People are employees who deliver the services to the users. Through research, one can determine if there are enough individuals in the target segment that have demand for particular type of the product or the services(Pruitt Adlin, 2010). Employees are valuable in the delivery of the services. So, it is important to hire and train peoples to deliver the excellent work. Additionally, there will be honest feedback about the business and input their passions, and thoughts which can grow and scale the business to a greater height. Partnership Partnership marketing involves the collaboration of two or more organization with the intention to meet both mid-term and long-term business goals. Business marketing enables the company to increase the product distribution, customers acquisition, program funding and creation of the brand awareness. Involvement of stalk holder in the production of the product or delivery of the services comprise the partnership in the marketing mix. NIVEA marketing mix hybrid framework (Wang Pizam, 2011) Product NIVEA utilizes the market research to identify the market segment with a group of the people with the similar characteristic like the gender, age, lifestyle, and attitude. In the market research, NIVEA uses different ways such as focus groups to directly listen to the customers. NIVEA product tests their product with users in different market (Wang Pizam, 2011). Finally, the company uses different research techniques to collect and gather the information from various consumers. According to the market research of Beiersdorf, young consumers wanted the specialized face care at their age bracket which would beautify their face not offering the medical solution to the skin problems. NIVEA VISAGE Young target the girls who want healthy skin and not the medication purpose of the products (Wang Pizam, 2011). NIVEA gets a competitive advantage as a result of the competitor concentrating on the drug solution rather focuses on the problem of the particular consumers. Before finalizing launching of the product to the market, NIVEA did test the products with a sample group of their target customers. Results of the analysis made company to make changes to the existing product such as changing of the product formula, removing and replacing the alcohol with natural sea salts and mineral(Peter Donnelly, 2011). NIVEA also did introduce two new products in the market. There was modern packing design with soft colors and flower pattern to have an appeal to the young girls. NIVEA did introduce a large pack size and product descriptions. The business need to maximize the sales or profits, and the cost of production is factors that determine the price of the product. Pricing strategies includes; Penetration price- its aims to have a high volume of the purchase and capturing of the significant market share so as to develop the habit of the consumer buying. Cost based pricing- focuses on the product and does not show the importance of users. Pricing skimming- involves the setting of high price to a unique product which encourages the first to come to buy at a premium price(Nagle Hogan, 2010). The strategy works best if the marketer wants to make high revenue before the competitors products spread to the market. NIVEA VISAGE Young is the price leader because of leading in the beautifying need in the market segment. Therefore, it sets the price level which the competitors will undercut. For the company to avoid the difficulties in the product life cycle of the product, the company should reviews the price regularly. NIVEA sells its product at the same prices to the all retailers, and therefore, their pricing strategy is not the same as those in the retailers. However, the retailers can sell the product at a less cost to attract significant volumes sales, especially in a supermarket. Retailers can also use (BOGOF) buy one get one free as methods of giving a discount to the users. Place To reach many customers, NIVEA VISAGE aims to use various channel of the distribution. The retail outlet is the primary channel of distribution of the NIVEA VISAGE where customers get their skin care products. Large Street shops like Boots and Superdrug constitutes around 65% of the NIVEA VISAGE Young sales. Large grocery chains also stock the beauty product such as Sainsbury, ASDA, and Tesco, comprising 35%(Kapferer, 2012). Research shows that parents buy the beauty products for their children while grocery shopping in the supermarket. Research also shows that teenagers purchase the products in the high street stores for themselves with friends. NIVEA uses central distribution point and distributions strategies to consider the environmental impact as result of transport. NIVEA utilizes the cost effectiveness of using a range of the outlet so as to reach highest numbers of the users. Beiersdorf sells the product to the wholesalers and not the retailers in order to be profitable. Similarly, it does not sell through the websites as the cost of producing small quantities cannot be economical. Nevertheless, some companies such as Tesco sell the NIVEA product through the online stores. Promotion is how the marketers tell the customers of the availability of the products and how to persuade them to buy(Morgan, Pritchard, Pride, 2011). Below the line is the promotional method where the company uses promotional methods to put the message of the goods across; public relation, trade fairs or events, branding and sales promotions. NIVEA Company selects the promotional strategy that reveals range of the available media and lifestyle of the target audience. NIVEA does not plan to use the line promotion for NIVEA VISAGE Young like the press or TV because of the ineffectively to reach the group target. Because the NIVEA VISAGE Young is consumer driven, NIVEA identifies the methods of talking directly to the teenagers and their parents. One of the strategies NIVEA uses is to a give a chance to customers to have a touch, smell, feel and try the products samples. In 2008, over million NIVEA VISAGE Young samples were given away. The samples were available in the sample stores, websites and around shows down and up the country. The purpose of the launch of NIVEA VISAGE Young online magazine called FYI (fun, young and independent) was to create the brand awareness. The aim of the magazine concept was to create confidence among the teenagers on how to become young girls. The channel of communication of NIVEA VISAGE Young is engaging and original so as to identify the products with the teenagers. TMF digital TV channel and Hit40 UK chart show promote the NIVEA VISAGE Young magazine. Physical evidence Physical evidence includes where the customers and the business interact and the physical component that enables the communication of the products. The brand image of the NIVEA VISAGE Young is well with the teenagers between the ages of 13-19 years(Wang Pizam, 2011). Some of the physical evidence include; building, signs, building, business reports, annual accounts, websites, business cards and brochures. The product of the NIVEA VISAGE is in the large grocery, high street, online through the TESCO companies, Boots, and Superdrug. To enjoy economies of the scale, NIVEA does not sell to the retailers because of the large production of the products. People People are all human factors that participate in the delivery of services or products, and thus they have influence in the consumers perception such as customers and firm personnel(Hoffman Bateson, 2010). NIVEA has various classes of loyal clients with different age bracket. Due to the market gap of the teenagers between 13-19 years, there was a need to produce and launch the NIVEA VISAGE Young product to cater for their skin care needs. Process The process comprises the mechanisms, procedure, and flow of the operation to deliver the goods or services to the consumers(Sheth Sisodia, 2015). NIVEA Company has a simplified process in the delivery of the service to the users. For instance, in order to sell large quantities of the products, the company does not sell the product to the retailers, and therefore it can enjoy massive economies of the scale. Partnership Companies such as Boots, ASDA Sandburg and Tesco help in the marketing and delivering of the product to the consumers. For example, TESCO advertises the NIVEA products through online. For NIVEA to create brand awareness globally, the companies have a various charitable organization in countries such as Vietnam, Balkan Republic, and France. TMF digital TV channel and Hit40 UK chart show support the NIVEA VISAGE Young magazine(Kotler, Berger, Bickhoff, 2015). Contemporary issues Corporate social responsibility Apart from generating revenues due to the product development, NIVEA company has NIVEA blue libraries which promote and improves the reading skills of the Vietnamese children; fragile educational infrastructure in these poor regions. NIVEA delivers over 1000 books per schools to deliver inspiration so as to enhance literacy(Rosenbloom, 2012). In France, NIVEA supported the singles mothers and low-income households. NIVEA France affiliate has partnered with the non-profit organization (NPO) to accomplish child care amenities in several cities, by linking cheap afternoon child supervision in urban neighborhoods with cultural deals. The concept enables children to access to culture and arts on a regular basis. Additionally, NIVEA children playground in the Balkan republic in 2013 is the initiative which tackles the lack of the safe childrens playgrounds. NIVEA is cooperating with the authority from numbers of cities so as to renovate successfully and create a playground. The main aim is to build a place which is safe for the children to have fun and their families. Environmental concerns It comprises the waste disposal, pollutant problems, and environmental pressure(Hutt Speh, 2012). The ambitious environmental protection and occupational safety management system are successfully and adhered to in Beiersdorfs Chilean affiliate. NIVEA Company also uses more of the natural product in the manufacturing of the outputs which reduces the harmful effect, unlike synthetic products(Lee Kotler, 2011). Similarly, the companies encourage the opportunities for the recycling of the waste materials and also the reduction in the packaging. Ethical concerns The manufacturer of the NIVEA products does not test the products on the animals. There is banning of the animals testing on the all cosmetic products in Europe since 2004. The NIVEA brand complies with the law and does not test their products on animals. Beiersdorf is actively working on the development and recognition of animal testing alternative methods(Moutinho, 2011). NIVEA collaborates closely with the cosmetic Europe, European cosmetic Association and European partnership for alternative approaches to animal testing (EPPA) towards the development and recognition of the replacement of the animal experiments. Technology Beiersdorf researchers have spent over 130 years on solving the skin complex processes to develop the beauty and skin care products. Some of the innovation of the Beiersdorf was the introduction of the Eucerin in 1900 and presentation of the NIVEA crme(Wilson Gilligan, 2012). The discovery of the wrinkle-reducing coenzyme Q10 and skin rejuvenating products, an invention of the first deodorant that protects the skin against the stress- induced perspiration and active skin- moisturizing properties of an ingredient Hydra IQ(Lee Carter, 2012). So as to stay in close relationship with the customer, there is an establishment of the research and development laboratories in China, India, Brazil, USA, Japan, and Mexico. Research center of Beiersdorf has set global standards on the measurement, analyzing and evaluation of the skin care product effectiveness. Social media interaction NIVEA uses the social network such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube to connect with the customers. The marketing strategy of the Nivea is to conduct the evaluation of the business product and brand through analyzing of the positive and negative critics from its users(Turnbull Valla, 2013). Through the analyzing of the feedback, NIVEA can conduct SWOT analysis so as to helps in rebranding and launching of the new products so as to cater for the customers wants. The large-scale approach to promote the brand of the Nivea is vital. NIVEA bus offers products testing and samples. In the United States of America uses TV, PRINTS, outdoors and the online display as primary method of the advertising(Lantos, 2015). Large scale approach enables persuasion of the users and how a product performs. Advertising conveys the new information which enhances credibility, builds the awareness and improves the current perception towards the products. Social factor Social Includes; population demography, lifestyles change, consumerism and income distribution. Customers are very cautious one the way they look and their skin. Men and women put more attention to their looks and use of the products to enhance skin textures. There is usage of facial goods and deodorants by customers between ages 25 to 50 years irrespective of the gender. The targeting of the consumers by the NIVEA is between 18 -60 years(Hollensen, 2015). When targeting age of the 40-60 years, they produce Anti-wrinkle and crme for the aging skin. Therefore, designing of the NIVEA VISAGE Young is specifically for the 13-19 age brackets. Globalization Political Involves foreign trade regulation and taxation policy, government stability and privatization and security measures(De Mooij, 2013). NIVEA as producer of skin and beauty products must contain no harmful substance. For instance, the manufacturing and import of the cosmetic products to Iraq, there is imposing of the higher taxes. And so, foreign trade regulations and policies act as barriers for the cosmetics manufacturer. NIVEA need to follow all the various leadership style of different countries to counter the political challenge. Raw material for the manufacture of the products may not allow producing or importing. Economy entails interest rates, inflation and unemployment. Many companies in 2007 had to face slump and volatile interest rate due to the financial market. NIVEA abides by the (The control of misleading advertisement regulation 1988) and makes sure to follow to the advertising standard authority(Yeshin, 2012). There was a decrease in the overall sales of the companys products due to the rise in the inflation rate. There was a significant concern in the industry and also company due to increasing competition from other beauty care and premium skin markets which made a return on investment to decrease. Conclusion In the UK, NIVEA VISAGE Young is a skin care range, and designing of the product is to enhance the beauty and the skin of the teenagers. The product is consumer driven rather than medication like treating the skin problems. NIVEA uses the product differentiation to understand the market target to meet users need and wants. NIVEA balances the four elements of the marketing mix including the prices, products, place and promotion. NIVEA makes sure that the products reach to the consumers at the right price and the right place. The company uses the modern marketing methods such as social networking sites and traditional methods such as distribution channels through the high streets. References Baker, M. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. De Mooij, M. (2013). Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hoffman, K., Bateson, J. (2010). Services marketing: concepts, strategies, cases. Cengage learning. Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Hutt, M., Speh, T. (2012). Business marketing management: B2B. . Cengage Learning. Jolibert, A., Mhlbacher, H., Flors, L., Dubois, P. (2012). Marketing management: A value-creation process. Palgrave Macmillan. Kapferer, J. (2012). The new strategic brand management: Advanced insights and strategic thinking. Kogan page publishers. Kotler, P. (2012). Kotler on marketing. Simon and Schuster. Kotler, P., Berger, R., Bickhoff, N. (2015). Quintessence of Strategic Management. Springer. Kotler, P., Keller, K., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015). Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Marketing management (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lantos, G. (2015). Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Lee, K., Carter, S. (2012). Global marketing management. Oxford University Press. Lee, N., Kotler, P. (2011). Social marketing: Influencing behaviors for good. Sage. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Pride, R. (2011). Destination brands: Managing place reputation. Routledge. Moutinho, L. (2011). Strategic management in tourism. Cabi. Nagle, T., Hogan, J. (2010). The strategy and tactics of pricing: A guide to growing more profitably. Prentice Hall. Peter, J., Donnelly, J. (2011). Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Plano: Business pub., INC. Pruitt, J., Adlin, T. (2010). The persona lifecycle: keeping people in mind throughout product design. Morgan Kaufmann. Rosenbloom, B. (2012). Marketing channels. Cengage Learning. Sheth, J., Sisodia, R. (2015). Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge. Turnbull, P., Valla, J. (2013). Strategies for international industrial marketing. Routledge. Wang, Y., Pizam, A. (2011). Destination marketing and management: theories and applications. Cabi. Wilson, R., Gilligan, C. (2012). Strategic marketing management. Routledge. Wright, M., Watkins, T. (2010). Marketing financial services. Routledge. Yeshin, T. (2012). Integrated marketing communications. Routledge.

Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care Essay Example

Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care Essay What is meant by culturally sensitive nursing care? How does it apply to nursing? In order to understand culturally sensitive nursing care you mustfirst understand culture and cultural diversity. Culture guides our thinking, doing and being, and becomes patterned expressions of who we are (Basic Nursing, 2003). Cultural diversity is the difference between people rooted in a shared belief and value system based on norms, customs and way of life. Knowledge of cultural diversity is important in all levels of nursing because it comes through communication and education between clients and nurses. Culturally sensitive nursing care recognizes the need for respect and acknowledgement of the wholeness of all human beings, regardless of culture, race, ethnicity, heritage, religion everyone has a unique background. Culturally sensitive nursing care is a required factor that must be practiced. It is significant in order to care and understand importance to the patient, resulting in comfort for the family as well as the patient. This also increases the chance of compliance and eases the passage for family and friends. Providing the necessary care is not the only value to a strong outcome, but communication and developing a strong client/nurse relationship must be practiced to ensure a positive outcome. Culturally sensitive nursing care may possibly be difficult for some to practice, but it makes healthcare challenging and rewarding. We will write a custom essay sample on Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Culturally Sensitive Nursing Care specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Health to an individual of any culture, ethnicity or race, is viewed as a positive outcome, balanced environment, and strong lifestyle. Regardless of the illness, everyone wants the same outcome. Health practices such as nutrition, diet, exercise and environment are all believed to be practices which are beneficial and have a positive effect on an individual. Perceptions of benefits can differ between cultures.